בראשית
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ויקנאו בו אחיו. בידוע כי השנאה ברוב תבא מצד הקנאה, והשנאה שהזכיר למעלה וישנאו אותו, היתה מפני קנאת האהבה, כמו שכתוב ויראו אחיו כי אותו אהב אביהם מכל אחיו וישנאו אותו, וא"כ למה חזר בכאן ויקנאו בו אחיו. ויתכן לפרש כי מתחלה לא היו מקנאים בו מפני יתרון מעלה שהיה לו עליהם רק מפני קנאת אהבת האב שהיה אוהב אותו יותר מהם, ולמה יקנאו בו והם גדולים ממנו, והוא נער בן י"ז שנה, ואין אדם מקנא בחברו אלא בכיוצא בו ושוה לו, אבל עתה אחרי שספר חלומותיו והם חכמים מחוכמים בפתרונים ראו כי הוא מעותד למלוך והתלבשו קנאה בזה, זהו לשון ויקנאו בו לא אמר ויקנאו אותו כמו (בראשית כ״ו:י״ד) ויקנאו אותו פלשתים, אלא בו במעלה שהיו רואים בו.
English translation not yet available
«И завидовали ему его братья». Известно, что ненависть в большинстве случаев приходит со стороны зависти; а ненависть, упомянутая выше — «и возненавидели его», — была из‑за зависти к любви, как сказано: «и увидели его братья, что его любит их отец больше всех его братьев, и возненавидели его». Если так, почему здесь снова сказано: «и завидовали ему его братья»? И можно объяснить, что сначала они не завидовали ему из‑за превосходства достоинства, которое было у него над ними, а лишь из‑за зависти к отцовской любви, что отец любил его больше, чем их. И почему им завидовать ему, ведь они старше его, а он — юноша семнадцати лет; ведь человек завидует ближнему только тому, кто подобен ему и равен ему. Но теперь, после того как он рассказал свои сны, а они — мудрые, искушённые в толкованиях, — они увидели, что он предназначен царствовать, и облачились завистью к этому. Это и выражение «ויקנאו בו» — не сказано «ויקנאו אותו», как (Берешит 26:14) «ויקנאו אותו פלשתים», а «בו» — в том достоинстве, которое они видели в нём.
ויקנאו בו אחיו, “his brothers were jealous of him.” It is well known that in most instances hatred is the result of jealousy; the hatred which the Torah had spoken of earlier in verse four had been due to the brothers’ awareness that their father Yaakov loved Joseph more than he loved them, as the Torah has spelled out there. Why then did the Torah have to repeat here that the brothers were jealous of Joseph? It is possible that the correct explanation of the original hatred of the brothers towards Joseph was not due to the preferred status Joseph enjoyed in the eyes of their father due to his excelling in virtues, but was due merely to their father showing him more love. There was actually no reason to be envious of a young boy of seventeen years of age who had not demonstrated any qualities superior to those of his brothers. One usually envies one’s peers or one’s superiors. One is not given to envy inferiors. Now, after having heard repeatedly the kind of dreams their brother had experienced, his older brothers realised that there might be more to Joseph than they had thought before. Therefore they now envied him his dreams and hated him because of them. The Torah therefore told us of this additional dimension of the brothers’ jealousy of Joseph. This idea is best illustrated by the change of preposition the Torah chose to describe their new jealousy. In our verse the Torah chose the preposition בו as distinct from the preposition את or אותו which was used to describe their hatred of him, or the verse in Genesis 26,14 where the Philistines’ jealousy of Yitzchak is described as ויקנאו אותו פלשתים.
English translation not yet available
וַיְקַנְאוּ בוֹ אֶחָיו, “his brothers were jealous of him.” It is well known that in most instances hatred is the result of jealousy; the hatred which the Torah had spoken of earlier in verse four had been due to the brothers’ awareness that their father Yaakov loved Joseph more than he loved them, as the Torah has spelled out there. Why then did the Torah have to repeat here that the brothers were jealous of Joseph? It is possible that the correct explanation of the original hatred of the brothers towards Joseph was not due to the preferred status Joseph enjoyed in the eyes of their father due to his excelling in virtues, but was due merely to their father showing him more love. There was actually no reason to be envious of a young boy of seventeen years of age who had not demonstrated any qualities superior to those of his brothers. One usually envies one’s peers or one’s superiors. One is not given to envy inferiors. Now, after having heard repeatedly the kind of dreams their brother had experienced, his older brothers realised that there might be more to Joseph than they had thought before. Therefore they now envied him his dreams and hated him because of them. The Torah therefore told us of this additional dimension of the brothers’ jealousy of Joseph. This idea is best illustrated by the change of preposition the Torah chose to describe their new jealousy. In our verse the Torah chose the preposition בו as distinct from the preposition את or אותו which was used to describe their hatred of him, or the verse in Genesis 26,14 where the Philistines’ jealousy of Yitzchak is described as ויקנאו אותו פלשתים.