דברים

מי האיש אשר בנה בית חדש ולא חנכו. לשון חנכת המזבח. וכתב החכם רבי אברהם ז"ל לפי שלבו וכל תאותו לחנך ביתו, והנה לבו בביתו לא במלחמה, על כן ינוס ויניס אחרים. ועוד כתיב ולא חללו, מלשון חלילים, לפי שמנהגם היה לחול בכרמים. ודרשו רז"ל ולא חללו, שלא עשאהו חולין, לפי שהנטיעה צריכה פדיון, וקדוש הוא עד שיפדנו.

מי האיש אשר בנה בית חדש ולא חנכו, “who is the man who has built a new house and has not yet consecrated it?” The expression חנך used here by the Torah for moving into one’s private home is the same as that used by the Torah for the consecration of the Altar in the Tabernacle, i.e. חנכת המזבח. Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra writes: “seeing such a man’s heart and his craving is so dedicated to consecrating his new house he cannot concentrate on the battle as a soldier should. He may therefore become a liability by fleeing, and other comrades may follow his example, the result being demoralization of the army.” In connection with the new vineyard the Torah speaks of it not having been חללו instead of חנכו. The word חללו is similar to חליל, flute; it was customary to dance to the accompaniment of flutes when the first harvest of a new vineyard was brought in. Our sages in Pessikta Zutrata, quoted by Rashi, understand the word as חולין, “secular, profane i.e. after the grapes during the fourth year were holy, now in the fifth year they were available, freely, to the owner for the first time. In the previous year they could be eaten only after having been redeemed, etc.